Synthesis of nanomagnetite/copper oxide/potassium carrageenan nanocomposite for the adsorption and Photo-Fenton degradation of Safranin-O: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Abstract In the current study, a novel nanomaterial called nanomagnetite/copper oxide/potassium carrageenan nanocomposite (MKCO) was fabricated to include Fenton (nanomagnetite, NM) and Fenton-like reagent (copper oxide nanoparticles, NCO) in matrix of potassium biopolymer. The prepared solid materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques, such as TGA, N 2 adsorption/desorption, SEM, TEM, XRD, DRS, pH PZC , FTIR. MKCO showed unique properties like higher specific surface area 652.50 m /g, pore radius 1.19 nm, equals 7.80, presence chemical functional groups. Under various application conditions, comparative experiments between Safranin-O dye (SO) adsorption Photo-Fenton catalytic degradation conducted. After 24 h, had maximum capacity 384.61 mg/g at 42 °C, while oxidation process took only 10 min totally decompose 93% SO 21 °C. Based on values correlation coefficients, Langmuir’s model is best-fitted for onto all materials. Studies adsorption’s kinetics thermodynamics show that it physisorption operates according endothermic, spontaneous, PFO processes. While, PFO, non-spontaneous processes are satisfied decomposition SO. five cycles, demonstrated good catalyst reusability with 3.4% decrease degrading efficiency. For lower contaminant concentrations shorter times, organic pollutants more effective than adsorption. Graphical abstract